What is the function of a differential gear in a vehicle?

A differential gear in a vehicle plays a crucial role when navigating turns. When a vehicle turns, the wheels on the outside of the turn must travel a longer distance than those on the inside. The differential gear allows for the wheels on the left and right sides to rotate at different speeds, enabling smoother and more efficient turning. This is essential for maintaining control and preventing tire wear.

In contrast, synchronizing the speed of all wheels would hinder performance and maneuverability, especially during turns, while reducing engine power losses relates to different components of the drivetrain. Increasing acceleration is typically achieved through modifications to the engine or transmission system, rather than through the differential itself. The primary and most critical function of the differential is to provide that necessary speed variation between the wheels during turning maneuvers.