What is the main function of a flywheel in a mechanical system?

The main function of a flywheel in a mechanical system is to store rotational energy and maintain speed. Flywheels are designed to accumulate energy when there is excess energy in a system and release it when needed, thereby providing a smoothing effect on the power output. This characteristic allows them to help maintain consistent angular velocity, which is crucial in applications like engines and other rotating machinery.

By storing energy in the form of kinetic energy as it spins, a flywheel can also help to balance fluctuations in speed and power demands. For example, when there is a sudden decrease in power demand, the flywheel can release stored energy to keep the system running smoothly. This capability contributes to the overall efficiency and reliability of mechanical systems that require a steady and constant output, making it an essential component in many engineering applications.